Army, under Major General Winfield Scott, invaded the Mexican heartland and captured the capital, Mexico City, in September 1847.Īlthough Mexico was defeated on the battlefield, negotiating peace was a politically fraught issue. Navy blockaded the Pacific coast in the lower Baja California Territory. forces also moved against the province of Alta California and then turned south. forces quickly occupied the regional capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo México along the upper Rio Grande. forces on April 25, 1846, a move which Polk used to convince the Congress of the United States to declare war. Mexican forces interpreted this as an attack and repelled the U.S. Polk then sent a group of 80 soldiers across the disputed territory to the Rio Grande, ignoring Mexican demands to withdraw. Polk sent a diplomatic mission to Mexico in an attempt to buy the disputed territory, together with California and everything in-between for $25 million (equal to $785,178,571 today), an offer the Mexican government refused. asserting it to be the Rio Grande and Mexico claiming it to be the more-northern Nueces River. However, the boundary between Texas and Mexico was disputed, with the Republic of Texas and the U.S. territory to Oregon, California (also a Mexican territory), and Texas by any means, with the 1845 annexation of Texas furthering that goal. Polk was elected on a platform of expanding U.S. In the 1844 United States presidential election, Democrat James K. Sectional politics over slavery in the United States were preventing annexation because Texas, formerly a slavery-free territory under Mexican rule, would have been admitted as a slave state, upsetting the balance of power between Northern free states and Southern slave states.
The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country, but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States. Mexico refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco, because they were signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna while he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory. The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War, was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848.
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